The Huang-Qing kaiguo fanglüe 皇清開國方略 "Military annals of the foundation of the August Empire of the Qing" (1644-1911) in 32 chapters (juan "scrolls") is an annalistic chronicle compiled by Agui 阿桂, Liang Guozhi 梁國治 and Heshen 和珅 and published in 1786. The content begins with the first military undertakings of the Jurchen khan Nurhaci against the Ming empire 明 (1368-1644) in 1583 and ends with the throne accession of Prince Fulin 福臨, the Shunzhi emperor 順治 (r. 1644-1661), in 1644. The publication of this book was stimulated by the wish of the Qianlong emperor 乾隆 (r. 1736-1795) to define an authoritative history of the foundation of Manchu empire, the reasons for its success, and an objective justification for the Manchu emperors - especially including the Qianlong emperor himself - to be rulers of China. Many statements from the Kaiguo fanglüe can not be proved from archival sources and are thus definitely not deduced from "objective" source material. The historiographical value of this book is therefore not as high as that of the "Veritable records of the Qing" (Qingshilu 清實錄). Source: Zhongguo da baike quanshu, Zhongguo lishi, vol. 1, p. 402. Contents

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