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Gezhi congshu 格致叢書

Apr 20, 2012 © Ulrich Theobald

Gezhi congshu 格致叢書 "Series of thorough investigation" is a series of collectanea (congshu 叢書) compiled by the Ming-period 明 (1368-1644) scholar Hu Wenhuan 胡文煥.

Hu Wenhuan, courtesy name Defu 德甫, style Quan'an 全庵, hailed from Qiantang 錢塘 (modern Hangzhou 杭州, Zhejiang), and compiled the books Huiwentang qinpu 會文堂琴譜 and Guqi ju ming 古器具名. The circumstances of his life are quite unknown. The title of the series is derived from a sentence in the Confucian Classic Daxue 大學, where it is said that one has "to extend to the utmost knowledge" (ge wu zhi zhi 格物致知).

The Gewu congshu therefore includes a lot of books investigating all different matters and objects, but also scholarly treatises and investigations in literature. Most books have been compiled during the Ming period and are rarely to be found in other collections. These are, for instance, Ning Yuan's 寧原 (mid-16th cent.) medical book Shijian bencao 食鑒本草, Li Hongxuan's 李洪宣 Yuanqing shoujian shige 緣情手鑒詩格, or Weng Ang's 翁昂 Chuanzhen miyao 傳真秘要.

The Gezhi congshu was printed a lot of times in varying versions. Shao Yichen 邵懿辰 (1810-1861) says that the first series (chubian 初編) included 46 books and the second series (erbian 二編) 340 books. Some sources speak of 346 books in 37 categories (lei 類), some of 46 books or 156 books, others even of 206 books. According the descriptive catalogue Siku quanshu zongmu tiyao 四庫全書總目提要, a version from Jiangsu included 181 books that were divided into the categories Jingyi 經翼, Shiwai 史外, Juguan 居官, Fajia 法家, Xunjie 訓誡, Ziyu 子餘, Zunsheng 尊生, Shiling 時令, Nongshi 農事, Yishu 藝術, Qingshang 清賞, Shuolei 說類 and Yiyuan 藝苑.

Today, only 168 books of this version are surviving. It is introduced by a preface written by Zhu Zhifan 朱之蕃 (1558-1626), in which it is said that the present collection was originally called Baijia mingshu 百家名書 "Famous books of a hundred masters", and not Gezhi congshu. The earliest surviving print dates from 1603 and is 162-fascicles-long. There is also a fragmentary version of the Gezhi congshu with no more than 6 books. Both are owned by the Library of Congress (Chinese name Guohui tushuguan 國會圖書館) in Washington.

Table 1. The series Gezhi congshu 格致叢書
(Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan (comp.)
1603 edition
書名, length in juan Title Author(s)
詩傳 一卷 Shizhuan (Zhou) 端木賜 Duanmu Ci (子貢 Zigong)
詩說 一卷 Shishuo (Han) 申培 Shen Pei
韓詩外傳 一卷 Hanshi waizhuan (Han) 韓嬰 Han Ying
張宛詩說 一卷 Zhang Wan shishuo (Song) 張耒 Zhang Lei
詩考 一卷 Shikao (Song) 王應麟 Wang Yinglin
詩地理考 劉卷 Shi dili kao (Song) 王應麟 Wang Yinglin
孝經 一卷 Xiaojing (Zhou) NN
女孝經 一卷 Nü xiaojing (Tang) 鄭氏 Ms Zheng
忠經 一卷 Zhongjing (Han) 馬融 Ma Rong
白虎通德論 二卷 Baihutong delun (Han) 班固 Ban Gu
獨斷 一卷 Duduan (Han) 蔡邕 Cai Yong
爾雅 三卷 Erya (Jin) 郭璞 Guo Pu (comm.)
小爾雅 一卷 Xiao erya (Han) 孔鮒 Kong Fu; (Song) 宋咸 Song Xian (comm.)
輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 (方言) 十三卷 Youxuan shizhe juedai yushi bieguo fangyan (Fangyan) (Han) 揚雄 Yang Xiong; (Jin) 郭璞 Guo Pu (comm.)
釋名 八卷 Shiming (Han) 劉熙 Liu Xi
急就篇 四卷 Jijiupian (Han) 史游 Shi You; (Tang) 顏師古 Yan Shigu (comm.); (Song) 王應麟 Wang Yinglin (phon. comm.)
埤雅 二十卷 Piya (Song) 陸佃 Lu Dian
韻學事類 十二卷 Yunxue shilei (Ming) 李攀龍 Li Panlong (comp.)
文會堂詞韻 二卷 Wenhuitang ciyun (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan (comp.)
宜齋野乘 一卷 Yizhai yecheng (Song) 吳枋 Wu Fang
綵線貫明珠秋檠錄 一卷 Caixian guan mingzhu qiuqing lu (Ming) 董穀 Dong Gu
李氏刊誤 二卷 Lishi kanwu (Tang) 李涪 Li Fu
官級由陞 二卷 Guanji yousheng (Ming) NN
官禮制考 一卷 Guanli zhikao (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
招擬假如行移體式 四卷 Zhaoni jiaru xingyi tishi (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
大明律圖 一卷 Da-Ming lütu (Ming) NN
律例類抄 六卷 Lüli leichao (Ming) NN
讀律歌 一卷 Dulüge (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
瑣言摘附 一卷 Suoyan zhaifu (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
問刑條例 七卷 Wenxing tiaoli (Ming) 舒元 Shu Yuan et al.
名例律 一卷 Minglilü (Ming) NN
刑統賦 一卷 Xingtongfu (Song) 傅霖 Fu Lin; (Yuan) 郄□ Qie N (comm.)
華夷風土志 四卷 Huayi fengtu zhi (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
山海經 十八卷 Shanhaijing (Jin) 郭璞 Guo Pu (comm.)
神異經 一卷 Shenyijing (Han) 東方朔 Dongfang Shuo; (Jin) 張華 Zhang Hua (comm.)
溪蠻叢笑 一卷 Ximan congxiao (Song) 朱輔 Zhu Fu
星槎勝覽 一卷 Xingcha shenglan (Ming) 費信 Fei Xin
天地萬物造化論 一卷 Tiandi wanwu zaohua lun (Song) 王柏 Wang Bai
黃石公素書 一卷 Huangshi Gong sushu (Zhou) 黃石公 Huangshi Gong; (Song) 張商英 Zhang Shangying (comm.)
諸子續要 二卷 Zhuzi xuyao (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
顏氏家訓 二卷 Yanshi jiaxun (Northern Qi) 顏之推 Yan Zhitui
晝簾緒論 一卷 Zhoulian xulun (Song) 胡太初 Hu Taichu
呂氏官箴 一卷 Lüshi guanzhen (Song) 呂本中 Lü Benzhong
士範 一卷 Shifan ()
慎言集 二卷 Shenyanji (Ming) 敖英 Ao Ying (comp.)
厚生訓纂 六卷 Housheng xunzuan (Ming) 周臣 Zhou Chen
赤松子中誡經 一卷 Chisongzi zhongjie jing () NN
長春劉眞人語録 一卷 Changchun Liu zhenren yulu (Ming) 劉眞人 Liu Zhenren; 邵以正 Zhao Yizheng (comp.)
類修要訣 二卷
續錄 一卷
Leixiu yaojue
Xulu
(Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
養生類纂 二卷 Yangsheng leizuan (Song) 周守中 Zhou Shouzhong (comp.)
養生月覽 二卷 Yangsheng yuelan (Ming) 周守中 Zhou Shouzhong (comp.)
保生心鑑 一卷 Baosheng xinjian (Ming) 鐵峰居士 Tiefeng jushi
攝生集覽 一卷 Shesheng jilan () NN
攝生要義 一卷 Shesheng yaoyi (Ming) 河濱丈人 Hebin zhangren
錦身機要指源篇 三卷
(附)大道修眞捷要選仙指源篇 一卷
Jinshen jiyao zhiyuan pian
app. Dadao xiuzhen jieyao xuanxian zhiyuan pian
(Ming) 混沌子 Hunchunzi; 魯至剛 Lu Zhigang (comm.)
禪學 一卷 Chanxue (Ming) 釋袾宏 Mong Zhuhong
禪宗指要 一卷 Chanzong zhiyao (Ming) 周滿 Zhou Man
證佛名譚 一卷 Zhengfo mingtan (Ming) 江臯 Jiang Hao; 釋袾宏 Mong Zhuhong (comp.)
風俗通 (風俗通義) 十卷 Fengsutong (Fengsu tongyi) (Han) 應劭 Ying Shao
資暇集 (資暇錄) 三卷 Zixiaji (Zixialu) (Tang) 李匡乂 Li Kuangyi
孔氏雜說 (珩璜新論) 一卷 Kongshi zashuo (Henghuang xinlun) (Song) 孔平仲 Kong Pingzhong
寰宇雜記 二卷 Huanyu zaji () NN
三餘贅筆 一卷 Sanyu zhuibi (Ming) 都昂 Du Ang
聼雨紀談 一卷 Tingyu jitan (Ming) 都穆 Du Mu
述異記 二卷 Shuyiji (Liang) 任昉 Ren Fang
三家雜纂 三卷 Sanjia zazuan (Tang) 李商隱 Li Shangyin
鼠璞 二卷 Shupu (Song) 戴埴 Dai Zhi
芥隱筆記 一卷 Jieyin biji (Song) 龔頤正 Gong Yizheng
袖中錦 一卷 Xiuzhongjin (Song) 太平老人 Taiping laoren (comp.)
歲時廣記 四卷
圖説 一卷
Suishi guangji
Tushuo
(Song) 陳元靚 Chen Yuanjing
Shichangtan (Song) NN
師曠禽經 (禽經) 一卷 Shi Kuang qinjing (Qinjing) (Zhou) 師曠 Shi Kuang; (Jin) 張華 Zhang Hua (comm.)
獸經 一卷 Shoujing (Ming) 黃省曾 Huang Xingzeng
博物志 十卷 Bowuzhi (Jin) 張華 Zhang Hua
續博物志 十卷 Xu bowuzhi (Song) 李石 Li Shi
南方草木狀 三卷 Nanfang caomu zhuang (Jin) 嵆含 Xi Kang
寶貨辨疑 一卷 Baohua bianyi () NN
古今事物考 八卷 Gujin shiwu kao (Ming) 王三聘 Wang Sanpin
名物法言 一卷 Mingwu fayan (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
古今原始 十五卷 Gujin yuanshi (Ming) 趙釴 Qian Yi
博古圖 十卷 Bogutu (Song) 王黻 Wang Fu etc.
香譜 二卷 Xiangpu (Song) 洪芻 Hong Chu
洞天淸錄 一卷 Dongtian qinglu (Song) 宋希鵠 Song Xigu
文房圖贊 一卷 Wenfang tuzan (Song) 林洪 Lin Hong
續文房圖贊 一卷 Xu wenfang tuzan (Yuan) 羅先登 Luo Xiandeng
文房淸事 一卷 Wenfang qingshi () NN
茶經 三卷 Chajing (Tang) 陸羽 Lu Yu
茶錄 一卷 Chalu (Song) 蔡襄 Cai Xiang
茶譜 一卷 Chapu (Ming) 顧元慶 Gu Yuanqing
東溪試茶錄 一卷 Dongxi shicha lu (Song) 宋子安 Sun Zi'an
茶具圖贊 一卷 Chaju tuzan (Ming) 茅一相 Mao Yixiang
農桑輯要 七卷 Nongsang jiyao (Yuan) 司農司 The Supervisor of the National Granaries
臞仙神隱 四卷 Quxian shenyin (Ming) 朱權 Zhu Quan
山家淸事 一卷 Shanjia qingshi (Song) 林洪 Lin Hong
山居四要 五卷 Shanju siyao (Ming) 汪汝懋 Wang Rumao
農圃四書 四卷 Nongpu sishu (Ming) 黃省曾 Huang Xingzeng
種樹書 一卷 Zhongshushu (Ming) 俞宗本 Yu Zongben
壽親養老書 一卷 Shouqin yanglao shu (Song) 陳直 Chen Zhi
食物本草 二卷 Shiwu bencao (Ming) 盧和 Lu He
食鋻本草 二卷 Shijian bencao (Ming) 寧原 Ning Yuan
金符經 一卷 Jinfujing () NN
大明曆 一卷 Damingli () NN
連珠曆 一卷 Lianzhuli () NN
(附)曆合覽 一卷 app. Lihelan (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
趨避檢 三卷 Qubijian (Ming) 胡文泰 Hu Wentai
草木幽微經 一卷 Caomu youwei jing () NN
魏文帝詩格 一卷 Wei Wendi shige (Wei) 曹丕 Cao Pi (魏文帝 Emperor Wei Wendi)
詩品 一卷 Shipin (Liang) 鍾嶸 Zhong Rong
評詩格 一卷 Pingshige (Tang) 李嶠 Li Jiao
二南密旨 一卷 Ernan mizhi (Tang) 賈島 Jia Dao
文苑詩格 一卷 Wenyuan shige (Tang) 白居易 Bai Juyi
詩議 一卷 Shiyi (Tang) 釋皎然 Monk Jiaoran
中序 一卷 Shiyi (Tang) 釋皎然 Monk Jiaoran
風騷旨格 一卷 Fengsao zhige (Tang) 釋齊己 Monk Qiji
金鐵詩格 一卷 Jintie shige (Tang) 白居易 Bai Juyi
續金鐵詩格 一卷 Xu jintie shige (Song) 梅堯臣 Mei Yaochen
梅氏詩評 一卷 Meishi shiping (Song) 梅堯臣 Mei Yaochen
王少伯詩格 一卷 Wang Shaobo shige (Tang) 王昌齡 Wang Changling
詩人玉屑 二十二卷 Shiren yuxie (Song) 魏慶之 Wei Qingzhi
詩學規範 一卷 Shixue guifan (Song) 張鎡 Zhang Zi
詩法正宗 一卷 Shifa zhengzong (Yuan) 揭傒斯 Jie Xisi
詩宗正法眼藏 一卷 Shizong zhengfa yancang (Yuan) 揭傒斯 Jie Xisi
詩法家數 一卷 Shifa jiashu (Yuan) 楊載 Yang Zai
炙轂子詩格 一卷 Zhiguzi shige (Tang) 王叡 Wang Rui
緣情手鋻詩格 一卷 Yuanqing shoujing shige (Ming) 李洪宣 Li Hongxuan
詩中旨格 一卷 Shizhong zhige (Ming) 王玄 Wang Xuan
文彧詩格 一卷 Wenyu shige (Ming) 釋文彧 Monk Wenyu
詩要格律 一卷 Shiyao gelü () 王夢簡 Wang Mengjian
詩家一指 一卷 Shijia yizhi () NN
沙中金集 一卷 Shazhong jinji () NN
詩文正法 一卷 Shazhong jinji (Yuan) 傅若金 Fu Ruojin
詩法正論 一卷 Shifa zhenglun (Yuan) 傅若金 Fu Ruojin (or [Ming] 傅與礪 Shi Yuli)
黃氏詩法 一卷 Shifa zhenglun (Ming) 黃子肅 Huang Zisu
詩家集法 一卷 Shijia jifa () NN
木天禁語 一卷 Mutian jinyu (Yuan) 范梈 Fan Peng
詩學禁臠 一卷 Shixue jinluan (Yuan) 范梈 Fan Peng
談藝錄 一卷 Tanyilu (Ming) 徐禎卿 Xu Zhenqing
雅道機要 一卷 Yadao jiyao (Ming) 徐寅 Xu Yin
風騷要式 一卷 Fengsao yaoshi (Ming) 徐衍 Xu Yan
處囊訣 一卷 Chunangjue (Song) 釋保暹 Monk Baoxian
詩文要式 一卷 Shiwen yaoshi (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
詩中密旨 一卷 Shizhong mizhi (Song) 王昌齡 Wang Changling
流類手鋻 一卷 Liulei shijian (Ming) 釋虛中 Monk Xuzhong
六言詩集 一卷 Liuyan shiji (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
詩評 一卷 Shiping (Song) 釋景淳 Monk Jingchun
詩學事類 一卷 Shixue shilei (Ming) 李攀龍 Li Panlong (comp.)
文錄 一卷 Wenlu (Song) 唐庚 Tang Geng
寸札粹編 一卷 Cunzha cuibian (Ming) 陳繼儒 Chen Jiru (comp.)
教坊記 一卷 Jiaofangji (Tang) 崔令欽 Cui Lingqin
麗情集 一卷 Liqingji (Song) 張君房 Zhang Junfang
漢隸分韻 七卷 Hanli fenyun () NN
書斷 四卷 Shuduan (Tang) 張懷瓘 Zhang Huaiguan
續書譜 一卷 Xu shupu (Song) 姜夔 Jiang Kui
書法三昧 一卷 Shufa sanmei () NN
字學源流 一卷 Zixue yuanliu (Ming) 呂道爔 Lü Daoxi
墨池璅錄 四卷 Mochi suolu (Ming) 楊慎 Yang Shen
翰林要訣 一卷 Hanlin yaojue (Yuan) 陳繹曾 Chen Shiceng
干祿字書 一卷 Ganlu zishu (Tang) 顔元孫 Yan Yuansun
佩觿 三卷 Peixi (Later Zhou) 郭忠恕 Guo Zhongshu
古字便覽 一卷 Guzi bianlan (Yuan) 虞集 Yu Ji
字學備考 四卷 Zixue beikao (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
篆法辨訣 一卷 Zhuanfa bianjue () 應在止 Ying Zaizhi
傳真秘要 一卷 Chuanzhen miyao (Ming) 翁昂 Weng Ang
山房十友圖贊 一卷 Shanfang shiyou tuzan (Ming) 顧元慶 Gu Yuanqing
古今碑帖考 一卷 Gujin beitie kao (Ming) 朱晨 Zhu Chen
格古要論 五卷 Gegu yaolun (Ming) 曹昭 Cao Zhao; (Ming) 舒敬 Shu Jing, 王佐 Wang Zuo (suppl.)
古今注 三卷 Gujinzhu (Jin) 崔豹 Cui Bao
祝壽編年 一卷 Zhushou biannian (Ming) 胡文煥 Hu Wenhuan
Sources:
Li Xueqin 李學勤, Lü Wenyu 呂文鬰, ed. (1996). Siku da cidian 四庫大辭典 (Changchun: Jilin daxue chubanshe), Vol. 2, 2031.
Qi Tinggui 戚廷貴, Liu Xiaoyan 劉孝嚴, Tang Shufan 唐樹凡, ed. (1992). Dong-xifang yishu cidian 東西方藝術辭典 (Changchun: Jilin jiaoyu chubanshe), 557.
Shanghai tushuguan 上海圖書館, ed. (1982). Zhongguo congshu zonglu 中國叢書綜錄 (Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe), Vol. 1, 48-50.
Wu Feng 吳楓, ed. (1987). Jianming Zhongguo guji cidian 簡明中國古籍辭典 (Changchun: Jilin wenshi chubanshe), 694.
Yu Weigang 于为刚 (1982). "Hu Wenhua yu Gezhi congshu 胡文焕与《格致丛书》", Tushuguan zazhi 图书馆杂志, 1982 (4): 63-65.