See other feudal lords of the Zhou period. The state of Lu has the character of an old veritable dukedom because it was the fiefdom of Zhou Gong Dan 周公但, the brother of King Zhou Wuwang 周武王. Furthermore, it was the homestate of Confucius (Kongzi) 孔子. During the Western Zhou (Xizhou) 西周 period Lu was a powerful state that dominated the east of the Yellow River plain and conquered the minor states of Qi 杞, Zhu 邾, Ju 莒, Ji 極, and Fang 防, and it was given tributes by the states of Cao 曹, Teng 滕, Xue 薛, and Ji 紀. From the Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu) 春秋 period on, three sidelines of the house of Ji 姬 challenged the position of the power of the dukedom: the three families Jisun 季孫, Shusun 叔孫 and Mengsun 孟孫 (or Zhongsun 仲孫), also called the "Three Huans" (Sanhuan 三桓) as their representants were descendants of Duke Huan 魯桓公.　In 594 a new tax system to tax the fields was introduced, in 562 the army was reorganized. The result of these measures was a new centralization of the power of the Dukes of Lu until 400 BC. Lu was destroyed by the mighty southern state of Chu 楚 at the end of the Warring States (Zhanguo) 戰國 period. The name of the state of Lu was later used as name of princedoms. Rulers of Lu 魯 Capital: Qufu 曲阜 (modern Qufu/Shandong; old Yan 奄) dynastic title See also titles of rulers. personal name time Lu Zhougong 魯周公 "Zhou Gong Dan 周公但" Ji Dan 姬但 The Duke of Zhou, brother of King Zhou Wuwang 周武王. Boqin, Duke of Lu 魯公伯禽 Ji Boqin 姬伯禽, Ji Qinfu 姬禽父 His younger brothers were enfeoffed with Fan 凡, Jiang 蔣, Xing 邢, Mao 茅, Zuo 胙, and Ji 祭 Lu Xiaogong 魯考公 (I) Ji You 姬酉 Lu Shanggong 魯煬公 Ji Xi 姬熙 or Yi 怡 Lu Yougong 魯幽公 Ji Zai 姬宰or Yi 懌 Lu Weigong 魯魏公 or 微公 Ji Fei 姬[水+費], Fu 沸 or 弗, or Kui 潰 Lu Ligong 魯厲公 Ji Zhuo 姬擢 or Zhai 翟 Lu Xiangong 魯獻公 Ji Ju 姬具 Lu Zhengong 魯真公 Ji Bi 姬濞 856-826 ? Lu Wugong 魯武公 Ji Ao 姬敖 825-816 Lu Yigong 魯懿公 Ji Xi 姬戲 815-807 Lord Boya 君伯御 (usurper) Ji Boya [sic] 姬伯御 806-796 Lu Xiaogong 魯孝公 (II) Ji Cheng 姬稱 796-769 Lu Huigong 魯惠公 Ji Funie 姬弗涅 768-723 Lu Yingong 魯隱公 First Chunqiu ruler of Lu Ji Xigu 姬息姑 722-712 Lu Huangong 魯桓公 Ji Gui 姬軌 711-694 Lu Zhuanggong 魯莊公 Ji Tong 姬同 693-662 (Ji Ban 姬般) (usurper) Lu Mingong 魯湣(閔)公 Ji Ban 姬般 Ji Qifang 姬啟方 662 661-660 Lu Xigong 魯釐(僖)公 Lu dominated by the Three Huan Clans (Sanhuan 三桓), descendants of Duke Huan: Zhongsun 仲孫, Shusun 叔孫, and Jisun 季孫 Ji Shen 姬申 659-627 Lu Wengong 魯文公 (I) Ji Xing 姬興 626-609 (Ji Chi 姬赤 or Ejishi 惡及視) Lu Xuangong 魯宣公 Ji Chi 姬赤 or Ejishi 惡及視 Ji Wo 姬倭 or Sui 俀 609 608-591 Lu Chenggong 魯成公 Ji Heixuan 姬黑眩 or Heigong 黑肱 590-573 Lu Xianggong 魯襄公 551 birth of Confucius Ji Wu 姬午 572-542 (Ji Hui 姬毀) Lu Zhaogong 魯昭公 Ji Hui 姬毀 Ji Chou 姬稠 or 裯 or Shao 袑 542 541-510 Lu Dinggong 魯定公 Ji Song 姬宋 509-495 Lu Aigong 魯哀公 Last Chunqiu ruler of Lu; 471 death of Confucius Ji Jiang 姬蔣 494-467 Lu Daogong 魯悼公 Ji Ning 姬寧 466-429 Lu Yuangong 魯元公 Ji Jia 姬嘉 428-408 Lu Mugong 魯穆公 Ji Xian 姬顯 407-377 Lu Gonggong 魯共公 Ji Fen 姬奮 376-353 Lu Kanggong 魯康公 Ji Tun 姬屯 352-344 Lu Jinggong 魯景公 Ji Yan 姬匽 343-315 Lu Pinggong 魯平公 Ji Lü 姬旅 314-296 Lu Wengong 魯文公 (II), or Lu Mingong 魯湣公 Ji Jia 姬賈 295-273 Lu Qinggong 魯頃公 Ji Chou 姬讎 272-255 255 Chu 楚 occupies Lu, enfeoffs the lord of Lu with Ju 莒. 249 Lu destroyed by Chu.

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