An old general term for nomadic tribes of the northwestern territories, or the northern tribes of the “four barbarians”, also written 翟. In the oldest historical sources called “ghosts” (Shang period term: Guifang 鬼方), Baidi 白狄 "White Di", Chidi 赤狄 "Red Di" and Changdi 長狄 tribes.The White Di roamed the region of modern Shaanxi province but had also relatives in modern Hebei: the tribes of Xianyu 鮮虞, Fei 肥 and Gu 鼓. Modern Shanxi was the homeland of the Red Di with the tribes Lu 潞, Liuxu 留吁, Duochen 鐸辰, Gaoluo 皋落 and Qiangjiu 廧咎. These tribes were invading the feudal states of Qin 秦 and Jin 晉, during their campaigns they even reached territories in modern Shandong. They founded many smaller states, the largest being Zhongshan 中山 in modern Shanxi. Because the particular tribes were scattered all over north China among the Chinese states of the Eastern Zhou 東周 period, the Di merged with the proper Chinese until the end of Zhou.