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001 人之初，性本善。
In the beginning, when born, man's character is good by nature.
002 性相近，習相遠。
His character is near (to nature), but habits are far (from nature).
003 苟不教，性乃遷。
If man is not educated, his character will suffer changes.
004 教之道，貴以專。
When teaching a child the way, strenuous studies have to be stressed.
005 昔孟母，擇鄰處。
In former times, the mother of Mengzi chose a dwelling place in the neighborhood (of a school).
006 子不學，斷機 杼。
When her son did not learn, she cut in two the material on her loom (to show him what will be the result of laziness).
007 竇燕山，有義方，
Dou Yishan had a righteous way
008 教五子，名俱揚。
to teach his five sons, so that all of them became famous (officials).
009 養不教，父之過﹔
To raise children without teaching them, is a fault of the father,
010 教不嚴，師之惰。
if his education is not rigorously enough, it is a laziness of the teacher.
011 子不學，非所宜，
Not to learn as a child, is something that should not be allowed,
012 幼不學，老何為？
not to learn when young, what then will be in old age?
013 玉不琢，不成器﹔
yu bu zuo bu cheng qi
014 人不教，不知義。
ren bu jiao bu zhi yi
015 為人子，方少時，
wei ren zi fang shao shi
016 親師友，習禮儀。
qing shi you xi li yi
017 香九齡，能溫席﹔
xiang jiu ling neng wen xi
018 孝于親，所當執。
xiao yu qing suo dang zhi
019 融四歲，能讓梨﹔
rong si sui neng rang li
020 弟于長，宜先知。
di yu zhang yi xian zhi
021 首孝悌，次見聞。
shou xiao ti ci jian wen
022 知某數，識某文。
023 －而十，十而百，
One up to ten, ten up to hundred,
024 百而千，千而萬。
hundred up to thousand, thousand up to ten thousand.
025 三才者：天地人。
The three are: Heaven, Earth, Man.
026 三光者：日月星。
The three brigthenings are: sun, moon, stars,
027 三綱者：君臣義，
The three guidelines are: righteous behaviour between lord and minister,
028 父子親，夫婦順。
kindness between father and son, obedience between man and woman.
029 曰春夏，曰秋冬，
Say: Spring, summer, say: autumn, winter,
030 此四時，運不窮。
these four seasons, their cycle will never end.
031 曰南北，曰西東，
Say: South, north, say: west, east,
032 此四方，應乎中。
these four cardinal directions correspond to the center.
033 曰水火，木金土，
Say: Water, Fire, Wood, Metal, Earth,
034 此五行，本乎數。
these five processes have their origin in the numbers.
035 曰仁義，禮智信，
Say: humanity, righteousness, rites, wisdom, and trust,
036 此五常，不容紊。
these five virtues XXX
037 稻梁菽，麥黍稷，
Rice, millet, XXX, grain, panicle, XXX
038 此六榖，人所食。
these six "eatables" are consumed by man.
039 馬牛羊，雞犬豕。
Horse, ox, sheep, chick, dog, pig,
040 此六畜，人所飼。
these five domestic animals are fed by man.
041 曰喜怨，曰哀懼，
Say: Joy, anger, say: sadness, fear,
042 愛惡欲，七情具。
love, hate, desire, and the seven feelings are complete.
043 匏土革，木石金，
Gourd, ceramics, leather, wood, stone, metal,
044 絲與竹，乃八音。
silk and bamboo, are the eight musical colors.
045 高曾祖，父而身，
From high ancestor and forebear, from father to yourself,
046 身而子，子而孫，
from yourself to son, from son to grandson,
047 自子孫，至玄曾，
from son and grandson finally to great-grandson,
048 乃九族，人之倫。
these are the nine generations, the familiar relationship of man.
049 父子恩，夫婦從，
The father displays GROSSMUT to son, the wife must obey her husband,
050 兄則友，弟則恭，
the older brother displays friendliness, the younger brother reverence,
051 長幼序，友與朋，
older and younger have an order, friends are standing side by side.
052 君則敬，臣則忠，
The lord displays respect, the subject loyalty,
053 此十義，人所同。
these ten kinds of righteousness are equal for all men.
凡訓蒙，須講究，
fan xun meng xu jiang jiu
詳訓詁，明句讀。
xiang xun gu ming ju du
為學者，必有初。
Who wants to learn, must begin with the basics.
小學終，至四書。
xiao xue zhong zhi si shu
When the primary teachings are finished, we proceed to the Four Books.
論語者，二十篇，
The Analects have twenty-four chapters,
群弟子，記善言。
where alle the disciples recorded words of good.
孟子者，七篇止﹔
The Mengzi is completed with seven chapters,
講道德，說仁義。
where he talks about the right way and virtue, and explains humanity and righteousness.
作中庸，乃孔伋。
The Zhongyong was written by Kong Ji,
中不偏，庸不易。
zhong bu pian yong bu yi
作大學，乃曾子，
The Daxue was written by Zengzi,
自修齊，至平治。
zi xiu qi zhi ping zhi
孝經通，四書熟，
By passing (the studies) of the Xiaojing, the Four Books are ripe.
如六經，始可讀。
Now you can start to read the Six Classics.
詩書易，禮春秋，
Shijing, Shujing, Yijing, Liji and Chunqiu,
號六經，當講求。
hao liu jing dang jiang jiu
有連山，有歸藏，
you lian shan you gui zang
有周易，三易詳。
you zhou yi san yi xiang
有典謨，有訓誥，
you dian mo you xun gao
有誓命，書之奧。
you shi ming shu zhi ao
我周公，作周禮，
The Duke of Zhou made the Rites of Zhou,
著六官，存治體。
zhu liu guan cun zhi ti
大小戴，注禮記，
Dai Father and Son commented the Record of Rites,
述聖言，禮樂備。
shu sheng yan li yue bei
曰國風，曰雅頌，
yue guo feng yue ya song
號四詩，當諷詠。
hao si shi dang feng yong
詩既亡，春秋作，
shi ji wang chun qiu zuo
寓褒貶，別善惡。
yu bao bian bie shan e
三傳者，有公羊，
Among the three commenaries (to the Spring and Autumn Annals) we have the Gongyang,
有左氏，有榖梁。
Master Zuo and Guliang.
經既明，方讀子，
jing ji ming fang du zi
撮其要，記其事。
cuo qi yao ji qi shi
五子者，有荀揚，
The five masters are Xun(zi) and Yang (Xiong),
文中子，及老庄。
Wenzhongzi (Wenzi), Laozi and Zhuangzi.
經子通，讀諸史，
jing zi tong du zhu shi
考世系，知終始。
kao shi xi zhi zhong shi
自羲農，至黃帝，
From (Fu) Xi to (Shen) Nong to the Yellow Emperor,
號三皇，居上世。
these are names the Three Augusts who lived in highest antiquity.
唐有虞，號二帝，
Tang (Yao) and You Yu (Shun) were the Two Emperors,
相揖遜，稱盛世。
xiang yi xun cheng sheng shi
夏有禹，商有湯，
There was Yu of the Xia Dynasty and Tang of the Zhou Dynasty,
周文武，稱三王。
and Kings Wenwang and Wuwang of Zhou, who are called the Three Kings (Yu, Tang and Wenwang).
夏傳子，家天下，
xia chuan zi jia tian xia
四百載，遷夏社。
si bai zai qian xia she
湯伐夏，國號商，
tang fa xia guo hao shang
六百載，至紂亡。
liu bai zai zhi zhou wang
周武王，始誅紂，
King Zhou Wuwang first executed King Zhou (of Shang),
八百載，最長久。
(his dynasty) was the longest of Chineses history, with eight hundred years,
周轍東，王綱墜，
zhou zhe dong wang gang zhui
逞干戈，尚游說。
始春秋，終戰國，
(The Eastern Zhou period) begins with the Spring and Autumn period and ends with the Warring States period,
五霸強，七雄出。
the Five Hegemons were strong, and the Seven Feudal States appeared.
嬴秦氏，始兼并，
The clan Ying of the state of Qin first united (the empire),
傳二世，楚漢爭。
but after the reign passed to the Second Emperor, the kingdoms of Chu and Han fought (for dominance).
高祖興，漢業建，
gao zu xing han ye jian
(Han) Gaozu won, and the Han Dynasty was founded,
至孝平，王莽篡。
When it came to the reign of Emperor Xiao Pingdi, Wang Mang usurped the throne.
光武興，為東漢，
guang wu xing wei dong han
Emperor Guangwudi restored the Han Dynasty as Eastern Han.
四百年，終于獻。
si bai nian zhong yu xian
魏蜀吳，爭漢鼎，
The dynasties of Wei, Shu and Wu fought for the tripod (as symbol of unity) of Han,
號三國，迄二晉。
they were named the Three Kingdoms, then history proceeded to the two (dynasties Western and Eastern) Jin.
宋齊繼，梁陳承，
The Song and (Southern) Qi Dynasties FORTFÜHREN, Liang and Chen took over,
為南朝，都金陵。
these are the Southern Dynasties with their capital Jinling (Nanjing).
北元魏，分東西，
In the north was Wei, from the Yuan (clan), that was divided into east and west,
宇文周，與高齊。
the dynasties of Zhou, (founded by the familiy) Yuwen, and (Northern) Qi, (founded by the clan) Gao.
迨至隋，一土宇，
dai zhi sui yi tu yu
不再傳，失統緒。
bu zai chuan shi tong xu
唐高祖，起義師，
Emperor Tang Gaozu raised his armies in rebellion,
除隋亂，創國基，
ended the chaos of Sui and founded the base of his state.
二十傳，三百載，
Twenty emperors, three hundred years,
梁滅之，國乃改。
the (ruler of Later) Liang destroyed (the Tang), the (situation of the) country then changed.
梁唐晉，及漢周，
(Later) Liang, (Later) Tang, (Later) Jin, (Later) Han, and (Later) Zhou,
稱五代，皆有由。
are called the Five Dynasties, ...
炎宋興，受周禪，
yan song xing shou zhou chan
十八傳，南北混。
shi ba chuan nan bei hun
遼與金，皆稱帝，
The (rulers of) Liao and Jin called themselves emperor,
元滅金，絕宋世。
the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Jin and ended the reign of Song.
蒞中國，兼戎狄，
They entered the Middle Kingdom, uniting all barbarians,
九十載，國祚廢。
but lasted (only) ninety years, until the altars of the state were abandoned.
太祖興，國大明，
Emperor (Ming) Taizu mounted the throne, called his empire the Great Ming,
號洪武，都金陵。
titled his reign "Inundating Martiality", his capital was Jinling (Nanjing).
迨成祖，遷燕京，
In the time of Emperor (Ming) Chengzu, the capital was shifted to Yanjing (Beijing).
十七世，至崇禎，
After seventeen rulers, the time came to the Chongzhen Emperor,
讀史者，考實錄，
du shi zhe kao shi lu
通古今，若親目。
tong gu jin ruo qing mu
口而誦，心而惟，
kou er song xin er wei
朝于斯，夕于斯。
zhao yu si xi yu si
昔仲尼，師項橐。
xi zhong ni shi xiang tuo
古聖賢，尚勤學。
gu sheng xian shang qin xue
趙中令，讀魯論，
zhao zhong ling du lu lun
彼既仕，學且勤。
bi ji shi xue qie qin
披蒲編，削竹簡，
pi pu bian xiao zhu jian
彼無書，且知勉。
bi wu shu qie zhi mian
頭懸梁，錐刺股，
tou xuan liang zhui ci gu
彼不教，自勤苦。
bi bu jiao zi qin ku
如囊螢，如映雪，
ru nang ying ru ying xue
家雖貧，學不輟。
jia sui pin xue bu chuo
如負薪，如挂角，
ru fu xin ru gua jiao
身雖勞，猶苦卓。
shen sui lao you ku zhuo
蘇老泉，二十七，
su lao quan er shi qi
始發憤，讀書籍，
shi fa fen du shu ji
彼既老，猶悔遲，
bi ji lao you hui chi
爾小生，宜早思。
er xiao sheng yi li zhi
若梁灝，八十二，
ruo liang hao ba shi er
對大廷，魁多士，
dui da ting kui duo shi
彼既成，眾稱異，
bi ji cheng zhong cheng yi
爾小生，宜立志。
er xiao sheng yi li zhi
瑩八歲，能詠詩，
ying ba sui neng yong shi
泌七歲，能賦棋。
mi qi sui neng fu qi
彼穎悟，人稱奇，
bi ying wu ren cheng qi
爾幼學，當效之。
er you xue dang xiao zhi
蔡文姬，能辨琴，
cai wen ji neng bian qin
謝道韞，能詠吟。
xie dao yun neng yong yin
彼女子，且聰敏，
bi nｕ zi qie cong min
爾男子，當自警。
er nan zi dang zi jing
唐劉晏，方七歲，
tang liu yan fang qi sui
舉神童，作正字。
ju shen tong zuo zheng zi
彼雖幼，身已仕，
bi sui you shen yi shi
爾幼學，勉而致，
er you xue mian er zhi
有為者，亦若是。
you wei zhe yi ruo shi
犬守夜，雞司晨，
quan shou ye ji si chen
苟不學，曷為人、
gou bu xue he wei ren
蠶吐絲，蜂釀蜜，
can tu si feng niang mi
人不學，不如物。
ren bu xue bu ru wu
幼而學，壯而行，
you er xue zhuang er xing
上致君，下澤民。
shang zhi jun xia ze min
揚名聲，顯父母，
yang ming sheng xian fu mu
光于前，裕于後。
guang yu qian yu yu hou
人遺子，金滿籯。
ren yi zi jin man ying
我教子，惟一經。
wo jiao zi wei yi jing
勤有功，戲無益，
qin you gong xi wu yi
戒之哉，宜勉力。
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