The Xia Dynasty 夏 Rulers Residences: Yangcheng 陽城 or Ji 冀 (modern Dengfeng 登封/Henan), Zhenxin 斟鄩 (Gongxian 鞏縣/Henan), Anyi 安邑 or Xiayi 夏邑 (Xiaxian 夏縣/Shanxi), Pingyang 平陽 (Linfen 臨汾/Shanxi), Jinyang 晉陽 (Taiyuan 太原/Shanxi), Shangqiu 商丘 or Diqiu 帝丘 (Puyang 濮陽/Henan), Yuan 原 (Jiyuan 濟源/Henan), Laoqiu 老丘 (Kaifeng 開封/Henan), Xihe 西河 (Tangyin 湯陰/Henan) First ancestor is the Yellow Emperor (Huang Di [Huangdi] 黃帝) son: Chang Yi (Changyi) 昌意 son: Emperor Zhuan Xu (Zhuanxu) 顓頊 son: Gun 鯀 son: Wen Ming (Wenming) 文命, called Da Yu (Dayu) 大禹 "Yu the Great" Some sources provide dates abouth the length of the rules, from which modern scholars have established a chronology. Recently these dates are not longer adhered to. name residence reign length trad. reign time Yu the Great (Da Yu) 大禹; clan Xiahou 夏后氏, surname Si 姒 The counsellors of Yu the Great were Ji 稷, Xie 契 and Gao Yao 皋陶. The personal name of Yu the Great was Zi 子, his temple name was Zi Second (Zi Yi 子乙). Combining these two characters, the surname Kong 孔 (e.g. Kong Qiu 孔丘=Confucius) was created. Ji 45 years 2207-2198 Qi 帝啟 Xiayi 16 years 2197-2189 Tai Kang 太康 (or Tai Geng 太庚) Zhenxun 4 years 2188-2160 Zhong Kang 中康 (also written 仲康) Zhenxun 7 years 2159-2147 (Di) Xiang 帝相 The sideline of Zhenguan 斟灌 (later called Diqiu 帝丘) was destroyed Shang, later Zhenxun 28 years 2146-2119 Han Zhuo 寒浞 (?) 2128-2080 Xiao Kang 小康 Yuan 21 years 2079-2058 (Di) Zhu 帝杼 (or Yu 予, Shu 紓, Bo Shu 伯杼, Zhu 佇 ({佇-丁+一}) or Ning 宁) Yuan, later Laoqiu 17 years 2057-2041 (Di) Huai 帝槐, also called Di Fen 帝芬 or Fen Fa 芬發 44 years 2040-2015 (Di) Mang 帝芒 (or Huang 荒) 58 years 2014-1997 (Di) Xie 帝泄 (or 洩 or Shi 世) 25 years 1996-1981 Bu Xiang 不降 Cedes the throne to his brother Jiong 59 years 1980-1922 (Di) Jiong 帝扃 (or Ju 局 or Yu 禺) 18 years 1921-1901 (Di) Jin 帝厪, also called Yin Jia 胤甲 or Xu 頊 Xihe 8 years 1900-1880 Kong Jia 孔甲 Xihe r. 9 years 1879-1849 (Di) Gao 帝皋 (or Hao 昊 or Gao Gou 皋茍) 3 years 1848-1838 (Di) Fa 帝發, also called Hou Jing 后敬 or Fa Hui 發惠 7 years 1837-1819 (Di) Jie 帝桀, also called Gui 帝癸 or Lü Gui 履癸 The last depraved ruler, enticed by his consort Mo Xi 末喜 (or 末嬉 or Mei Xi 妹喜). After his dethronement by Cheng Tang 成湯 Lü, Marquis of Shang 商侯履, Jie is dwelling in Nanchao 南巢, his descendants were enfeoffed with the fiefdom of Qi 杞 as dukes of Donglou 東樓公. Zhenxun, later Henan 31 years 1818-1766 Note: Compared with the Shang dynasty 商 (17th-11th cent. BCE) rulers, the persons of the Xia dynasty have less often a binominal posthumous temple name (like Tai Kang, Zhong Kang, Kong Jia). A great number of the Xia rulers instead have one-syllable names (like Jiong, Jin, Gao). These names are preceded by the title "divine ancestor" (di 帝, like Di Xiang 帝相), which is therefore actually no part of the name. Sources: Zhongguo da cidian bianzuan chu 中國大辭典編纂處(ed., 1936). Guoyu cidian 國語辭典, vol. 4. Beiping [Beijing]: Shangwu yinshuguan. [Rev. ed. Chongqing 1947]. [For the traditional reign dates. These can also be found in otherChinese and Western dictionaries of an older date.]

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