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Emperor Han Xiandi 漢獻帝 (181-234, r. 189-220), personal name Liu Xie 劉協, courtesy name Liu Bohe 劉伯和, was the last emperor of the Later Han dynasty 後漢 (25-220). His father was Emperor Ling 漢靈帝 (r. 167-189), his mother was Beauty Wang 王美人. As a child he was enfeoffed as Prince of Bohai 渤海王, later as Prince of Chenliu 陳留王. In 189, he was enthroned as emperor by the powerful general Dong Zhuo who controlled the imperial court. His formerly enthroned older brother, Liu Bian 劉辯, known as the Infant Emperor 漢少帝, was deposed. Fearing the military challenge by his competitors, Dong Zhuo forced Emperor Xian to leave the capital Luoyang 洛陽 (modern Luoyang, Henan) and to take residence in the former capital Chang'an 長安 (modern Xi'an 西安, Shaanxi). Dong Zhuo was killed by Wang Yun 王允, and Li Jue 李傕 again forced the young puppet emperor to leave Chang'an and finally brought him to the warlord Cao Cao 曹操. The latter had Emperor Xian settled down in Cao Cao's own residence in Xu 許 (modern Xuchang 許昌, Henan).
In 220, Cao Cao’s son Cao Pi 曹丕 demoted Emperor Xian to Duke of Shanyang 山陽公 and proclaimed himself emperor (known as Emperor Wen 魏文帝, r. 220-226) of the Wei dynasty 魏 (220-265). After his death, Liu Xie was buried in the tomb mound Chanling 禪陵. His posthumous title is Emperor Xiaoxian 漢孝獻帝.
Sources:
Zhang Shunhui 張舜徽 (1992). Sanguozhi cidian 三國志辭典, p. 579. Jinan: Shandong jiaoyu chubanshe.
Zhang Shunhui 張舜徽 (1994). Houhanshu cidian 後漢書辭典, p. 582. Jinan: Shandong jiaoyu chubanshe.
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Important Chinese of the...
age of mythology and early history (-11th cent. BCE)
Zhou period (11th cent.-221 BCE) and the state of Qin (3rd cent.-206 BCE)
Han period (206 BCE-220 CE)
age of division (220-581)
Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties periods (581-960)
Song, Liao and Jin dynasties (960-1279)
Yuan period (1279-1368)
Ming period (1368-1644)
Qing period (1644-1911)
Republican period (1911-1949)
People's Republic and Taiwan (since 1949)
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