Zhang Gui 張軌 - an ethnic Chinese - was regional inspector (cishi 刺史) of Liangzhou 涼州 when he took the chance to exert a relative independent government in this north-western corner of the Chinese empire. His son was rewarded with the title of Duke of Xiping 西平公 by the emperors of Jin 晉 and therefore, their descendants saw themselves as loyal officials of the Jin Dynasty and were able to run a quiet peaceful government until the death of Zhang Chonghua 張重華. The following years saw political disturbances by inner quarrels that were only ended by the conquering Former Qin Dynasty (Qianqin 前秦). The name of the empire Liang 涼 is derived from the prefecture Liangzhou 涼州. See also titles of rulers. Note: The rulers of the sideline dynasties are usually not called with their posthumous dynastic titles but with their personal names as they are not accepted as righteous rulers by official historiographies. Rulers of Former Liang (Qianliang) 前涼 (314-376) Capital: Guzang 姑臧 (modern Wuwei 武威/Gansu) dynastic title {temple name} -----reign periods personal name Qianliang Wumuwang 前涼武穆王 (Wuwang 武王) {Taizong 太宗 I} 301-314 Zhang Gui 張軌 Qianliang Chengliewang 前涼成烈王, Zhaowang 昭王 {Taizong 太宗 II} 314-320 Zhang Shi 張 寔 (Yan 宴) Qianliang Chengwang 前涼成王 320-323 Zhang Mao 張茂 Qianliang Wenwang 前涼文王 324-345 Zhang Jun 張駿 Qianliang Huanwang 前涼桓王, Mingwang 明王 {Shizu 世祖} 346-353 Zhang Chonghua 張重華 Qianliang Aigong 前涼哀公 353 Zhang Yao 張耀靈 (Yao 耀) Qianliang Weiwang 前涼威王 353-354 -----Heping 和平 354 Zhang Zuo 張祚 Qianliang Chongwang 前涼沖王 355-362 Zhang Xuanjing 張玄靚 (Yuanjing 元靖, Xuan 玄) The Last Ruler (Houzhu) 前涼後主, Duke Daogong 悼公 363-376 Conquered by Former Qin Zhang Tianxi 張天錫

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