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Chinese Literature
Index of terms


More detailed literary genres can be found, for example, in the classification of the Wenxuan collection and that of the literature critique Wenxin diaolong.
  • baihua 白話 "plain language", 1) a movement during late Qing/Republic (baihua yundong 白話運動) to use everyday language instead of classical language wen yan, 2) modern everyday language
  • beiming 碑銘 inscriptions into stone tablets or stelae
  • biji 筆記 "brush record" essays, a literary prose style popular from Song time on
  • chuanqi 傳奇 "transmission of strange things", stories of supernatural events and ghosts
  • ci 詞, a musical poetry style, contrafactury to an already existing melody, very popular during Song dynasty (see Song ci poems)
  • biannianti 編年體, chronological or annalistic type of historiography
  • bianwen 變文
  • cihua 詞話 "talks about poems", a type of loose commentary to authors and their poems
  • congshu 叢書 "thicket books", collections of a books (collectanea) often from a particular thematical sphere, as a comprehensive or an anthological composition
  • difangzhi 地方誌/志, so-called gazetteers, geographical histories of particular areas which were recompiled in irregular intervals. Precursor of newspapers.
  • fanglüe 方略, military annals of the Qing period
  • fu 賦, rhapsody or prose-poetry, a lengthy type of throne offering poetry popular during Han (see fu rhapsody)
  • guwen 古文 "old literature", 1) Confucian classics claimed to be older than the early Han time jin wen texts, 2) a simple prose style revived during the Tang period in order to end the manieristic parallelism of the pian wen "paired-word" texts
  • guaiji 怪記, also called zhiguai 志怪 "reports of strange events", a kind of story or proto-novel very popular in each type of literature and through the ages
  • huaben 話本 "narrative version", an early form of novels, based on a lengthy story that was told to the auditory in day-to-day sequences. Some of the huaben stories are direct precursors of the great novels.
  • jizhuanti 紀傳體, the biographic-thematic type of historiography
  • jinwen 今文 "modern texts", Confucian Classics that had survived the alleged literary inquisition during the Qin dynasty and were in use during early Han period
  • jinwen 金文 "inscriptions in metal", inscriptions in Shang and Zhou period ritual bronze vessels and on various metal objects of the Warring States, Qin and Han periods
  • juan 卷 "scroll", a chapter-like unit traditional books
  • pianwen 駢文 "couplet texts", rhythmic prose-poetry in a very subtle and even manieristic style popular during period of the Southern and Northern dynasties (see Yutai xinyong)
  • pinghua 平話
  • qijuzhu 起居注 "imperial diaries", daily inofficial court protocols
  • qu 曲 "airs" a musical poetry style, often also translated as "aria", as part of Yuan dramas, but also written separately as san qu 散曲 "concert arias" (see Yuan qu poetry)
  • quanji 全集 "collected works" of one person, in contrast to xuanji 選集 "selected works"
  • sanwen 散文 "loose literature", is prose literature
  • shi 詩, a very popular poetry style with equally long verses and with rhymes, in use from oldest times (Shijing) and the Han period (as gushi 古詩 "old-style poems": see Gushi shijiu shou 古詩十九首), and revived during the Tang period as lüshi 律詩 "regular poems" (see Tang shi poems), and the shorter style jieju 絕句 "abridged sentences"
  • shilu 實錄 "veritable records", official imperial chronicles
  • wenyan 文言, classical language basing on pre-Han and Han time Chinese, official language for documents until early Republican period, and to a certain extant also for modern written Chinese
  • xiaoshuo 小說 "novel" or "romance". Chinese scholars discern the two types of short novels (duanpian xiaoshuo 短篇小説) and the classical long novel books (changpian xiaoshuo 長篇小説)
  • yuefu 樂府, allegedly poems from among the people, colleted by the Han period Bureau of Music, written in an elegic style and popular into the Tang period
  • zhiguai 志怪 "reports of strange events", a kind of story or proto-novel very popular in each type of literature and through the ages


July 10, 2010 © · Ulrich Theobald · Mail