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The title of this book is somewhat confusing as the word "China" here does not mean China as a country, but rather the region of the old capital Chang'an 長安 (modern Xi'an). The books records history, events and geography of the areas of Shu and Ba (old Sichuan), and Hanzhong 漢中 (the region of the River Han, what is modern Hubei). The author was the Jin period writer Chang Qu 常璩.
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| Chapters of the Huayangguo zhi |
1.巴志 Ba zhi Ba [around modern Chongqing]
2.漢中志 Hanzhong zhi Hanzhong [modern Hubei]
3.蜀志 Shu zhi Shu [around modern Chengdu]
4.南中志 Nanzhong zhi Nanzhong [N-Guizhou]
5.公孫述劉二牧志 Gongsun Shu Liu Ermu zhi Gongsun Shu and the two magistrates Li [potentates of this region during Later Han]
6.劉先主志 Liu Xianzhu zhi Liu [Bei] the First Ruler [of Shu-Han]
7.劉後主志 Liu Houzhu zhi Liu [Shan] the Last Ruler [of Shu-Han]
8.大同志 Datong zhi The "Great Unity" [during Western Jin]
9.李特雄期壽勢志 Liu Te, Xiong, Qi, Shou, Shi zhi [The rulers of Cheng-Han]
10a.先賢士女總讚論 Xian xianshinü zongzanlun Concise praise of wise and virtuous ladies and gentlemen (I)
10b.廣漢士女 Guanghan shinü The ladies and gentlemen of Guanghan
10c.漢中士女 Hanzhong shinü The ladies and gentlemen of Hanzhong
11.後賢志 Houxian zhi Wise [ladies and gentlemen] II
12.序志 Xuzhi Postface
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Exemplarious translation:
蜀之為國,肇於人皇,與巴同囿。至黃帝,為其子昌意娶蜀山氏之女,生子高陽,是為帝嚳。封其支庶於蜀,世為侯伯。歷夏、商、周。武王伐紂,蜀與焉。其地東接於巴,南接於越,北與秦分,西奄峨嶓。地稱天府,原曰華陽...《夏書》曰:「岷山導江,東別為沱。」泉源深盛,為四瀆之首,而分為九江。其寶,則有璧玉,金、銀、珠、碧、銅、鐵、鉛、錫、赭、堊、錦、繡、罽、氂、犀、象、氈、毦,丹、黃、空青【桑、漆、麻、紵】之饒,滇、獠、賨、僰,僮僕六百之富。其卦值坤,故多班綵文章。其辰值未,故尚滋味。德在少昊,故好辛香。星應輿鬼,故君子精敏,小人鬼黠。與秦同分,故多悍勇。在《詩》,文王之化,被乎江漢之域,秦豳同詠,故有夏聲也。其山林澤漁,園囿瓜果,〔百穀蕃廡〕,代熟。〔桑、漆、麻、紵〕靡不有焉。
The history of Shu starts already during the time of Fuxi. It has a common frontier with Ba. The Yellow Emperor married his son Changyi with a daughter of Shushan, their son was Gaoyang, called Emperor Diku. An offspring of a concubine was enfeoffed with Shu, adopting the title of Marquis. Their descendants ruled during the whole time of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. When King Zhou Wuwang conquered the kingdom of Zhow, the last ruler of Shang, Shu followed King Wuwang. In the east, the territory of Shu borders with Ba, in the south, with the Yue Peoples, in the north with Qin, and in the west with Mount Ebo (Emei). This region is called Tianfu "Heavenly Prefecture", it is the old region of Huayang "South of Mount Hua"... In the Book of Xia (a part of the Shangshu) it is said: "From mount Min he (Yu the Great) traced the Yangtse river, which, branching off to the east, formed the Tuo." Its source is deep and profound and supplies four rivers that later divide into nine streams. Concerning the valuables, we find there six hundred different kinds of things, like carvable jade, gold, silver, pearls, green jade, copper, iron, plumb, tin, ocher, gypsum, brocades, embroideries, woolen fabrics, hair of cattle, rhinoceros horns, ivory, felt material, wool, plenties of food and plant materials of all colors, barbarian tribes of the Dian, Liao, Cong, and Bo, and slaves.
The respective trigram of this region is Kun, therefore its literature is rich and colorful. XXX morning taste. The virtue is that of Shaohao, therefore the people like spicy food. . It has a common border with Qin, therefore the people are courageous and heroic. In the field of songs and poetry, the thought of King Zhou Wenwang spread also over the territory of the Rivers Yangtse and Han; Shu has common songs with Qin and Bin (i.e. Zhou), therfore they use the music of the Xia Dynasty. The mountains are covered with forest, the ponds are ready to be fished, the gardens are full of vegetables and fruits, all kinds of grain, mulberry trees, lacquer trees, hemp, and ramie are growing all over the country and all through the year.
有周之世,限以秦巴,雖奉王職,不得與春秋盟會,君長莫同書軌。
During the age of Zhou Dynasty, Shu had a common frontier with Qin and Ba. Although the rulers of Shu called themselves King, none of the feudal states of the Spring and Autumn period approached Shu to forge a federation. Thus, none of the Lords and Elders of Shu is recorded in the appropriate books and records.
周失紀綱,蜀先稱王。有蜀侯蠶叢,其目縱,始稱王。死,作石棺、石槨。國人從之。故俗以石棺槨為縱目人冢也。次王曰柏灌。次王曰魚鳧。魚鳧王田於湔山,忽得仙道。蜀人思之,為立祠〔於湔〕。後有王曰杜宇,教民務農。一號杜主。時朱提有梁氏女利,游江源。宇悅之,納以為妃。移治郫邑。或治瞿上。【七】〔巴〕國稱王,杜宇稱帝。號曰望帝,更名蒲卑。自以功德高諸王。乃以褒斜為前門,熊耳、靈關為後戶,玉壘、峨眉為城郭,江、潛、綿、洛為池澤;以汶山為畜牧,南中為園苑。會有水災,其相開明,決玉壘山以除水害。帝遂委以政事,法堯舜禪授之義,【遂】禪位於開明。帝升西山隱焉。時適二月,子鵑鳥鳴。故蜀人悲子鵑鳥鳴也。巴亦化其教而力農務。迄今巴蜀民農,時先祀杜主君。
When the Kings of Zhou lost their political power, the rulers of Shu started to call themselves King. It was Zancong, a marquis of Shu, XXX who first adopted the title of King. When he died, he was enshrined in a stone coffin. XXX The next king was called Boguan, the following was Yufu. XXX Later there was a king called Du Yu who tought his people to work the fields... When the ruler of Ba adopted the title of King, Du Yu adopted the title of Emperor. He was called Wangdi "Hopeful Emperor" and changed his name to Pubi. He engaged himself in developing a higher virtue than all other kings...
Translated by Ulrich Theobald.
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