The Qing Dynasty inherited the provinical structure from the Ming Dynasty 明. Subordinated to the provinces were the prefectures (fu 府). The old term for prefecture (zhou 州) was now part of the name of many cities, like Guangzhou 廣州, Chaozhou 潮州, Suzhou 蘇州, Changzhou 常州 etc. The number of prefectures was now substantially less than five hundred years before. Only in Taiwan the number of prefectures should become more. In the remote areas of the province of Sichuan in the mountain valleys the communities were administered by commands (si 司) under the prefecture of Yazhou 雅州. Except in the north, borders and names are identical with the modern provinces. Provinces of Qing China: 直隸 Zhili [modern Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin] Shengjing 盛京 (later Fengtian 奉天 [modern Liaoning]) Jilin 吉林 Heilongjiang 黑龍江 Shanxi 山西 Shaanxi 陜西 Gansu 甘肅 Shandong 山東 Henan 河南 Jiangsu 江蘇 Anhui 安徽 Hubei 湖北 Hunan 湖南 Jiangxi 江西 Zhejiang 浙江 Fujian 福建 Guangdong 廣東 Guangxi 廣西 Guizhou 貴州 Yunnan 雲南 Sichuan 四川 Qinghai 青海 (since 1907) Xizang 西藏 (since 1751) Xinjiang 新疆 (since 1884) In the provinces of Zhili, Shanxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Yunnan some subprefectures (ting 廳) were not directly subordinated to a prefecture (examples: the three Koubei subprefectures口北三廳 in Zhili and the six Guisu subprefectures 歸綏六廳 in Shanxi). In the homeland of the Manchus, in the provinces Kirin and Heilongjiang the territory was administered as subordinated banners (fu dutong xiaqu 副都統轄區): Subordinated banners of Kirin Province: Kirin 吉林副都統轄區 Baidune 白都訥副都統轄區 Alachuka 阿勒楚喀副都統轄區 Ningguta 寧古塔副都統轄區 Sanxing 三姓副都統轄區 Subordinated banners of Heilongjiang Province: Heilongjiang 黑龍江副都統轄區 Qiqihar 齊齊哈爾副都統轄區 Morgen 墨爾根副都統轄區 Ulunber Centrally Administered Territory 呼倫貝爾總管轄區 Mongolia whose population was politically joint to the Manchus was administered in khanates (Chinese: hanbu 汗部;Mongolian: aimak or aimakh) unions or leagues (meng 盟) and banners (Chinese: qi 旗; Mongolian: khōshun). Outer Mongolia (Uliasutai "Wuliyasutai" 烏里雅蘇台) was governed by a military governor. Khanates of Outer Mongolia: Sechen Khanate "Chechen" 車臣汗部 Tüshiyetü Khanates "Tuxietu" 土謝圖汗部 Sayin-Noyan Khanates "Sanyin-Nuoyan" 三音諾顏汗部 Jasaghtu Khanates "Zhasaketu" 扎薩克圖汗部 Border regions: Khobdo Region "Kebuduo" 科布多 Tangnu-Uula Uriyangkhai "Tangnu Wulianghai" 唐努烏梁海 Banners and unions of Inner Mongolia: Etsina Torghuud Banner "Ejina Turhute" 額濟納土爾扈特旗 Alashan Eluud Banner "Alashan Elute" 阿拉善厄魯特旗 Ih-Ju Union "Yikezhao" 伊克昭盟 Ulanqab Union "Wulanchabu" 烏蘭察布盟 Kilin-Gol Union "Xilinguole" 錫林郭勒盟 Ju-Ud Union "Zhaowuda" 昭烏達盟 Josotu Union "Zhuosuotu" 卓索圖盟 Jirem Union "Zhelimu" 哲里木盟 Special administraion regions: Chahar 察哈爾 Dariganga Pastures 達里岡愛牧場 Tibet (Xizang 西藏; province since 1751) and Eastern or Chinese Turkestan (Xinjiang 新疆; province since 1884) and Qinghai 青海 (province since 1907) were loosely administered by Grand Ministers (Zhu Zang dachen 駐藏大臣) resp. a commander-general (zongtong 總統) for Turkestan and different commanders-in-chief (Sino-Mongolian: zhasake 札薩克) for Qinghai. Bhutan 布嚕克巴 Sikkim 哲孟雄 Nepal (Gurkha) 廓爾喀 Russia "Eluosi" 俄羅斯 (Tsarist Russia: "Sha-E" 沙俄) Korea 京城 kyongsong (mod. Seoul), Yuenan 河內, Nanzhang 南掌 cap: Longbolabang 隆勃剌邦 Luang Prabang, Miandian 緬甸 cap: Amoluobuluo 阿摩羅補羅 (modern Mandalay), Kokand 霍罕